Python Built-in functions lambda, map, filter, reduce.

Examples

Addition of one Variable

lambda a : a+10

Above function accepts onr variable "a" and returns it after adding 10 into it.

Addition of Two Variables

lambda a,b : a+b

Above function accepts two variables "a" and "b" and return addition of a and b.

1. Addition of one Variable

Using Normal Function

# Create a Function To Add 10 To Input Number
def Add(a):
  return a+10
  
result = Add(5)
print(result)


output:
15

Using Lambda Function

# Create a Lambda Function
Add = lambda a : a+10
result = Add(5)
print(result)


Output:
15

2. Addition of Two Variables

Using Normal Function

# Create a Function to accept two number and returns addition
def Add(a,b):
  return a+b
  
result = Add(5,6)
print(result)


output:
11

Using Lambda Function

Add = lambda a,b : a+b
result = Add(5,6)
print(result)


Output:
11

3. Addition of Two numbers List

# Define Two Lists
lst1 = [1,2,3,4]
lst2 = [5,6,7,8]


# Use of Multiple Parameter as input
Addition = map(lambda a,b:a+b,lst1,lst2)

print(f" List 1 : {lst1} \n List 2 : {lst2}")

# Convert mapped object to list
final_result = list(Addition)
print(f" Addition of List1 and List2 : {final_result}")

Output: 
List 1 : [1, 2, 3, 4] 
List 2 : [5, 6, 7, 8]
Addition of List1 and List2 : [6, 8, 10, 12]

Lambda Function can be used with map, filter, reduce python built-in functions

• map
• filter
• reduce

Note: Lambda Function has some limited capabilities such as only one expression can be evaluated.

2. map

map is used to apply a specific function on every element of an iterable object such as list, tuple, strings etc.

Map returns a mapped object after applying function to every element from iterable object. Map can be used with both normal functions or lambda function.

Syntax

map(func, *iterables)

Where
func : Normal function or a Lambda function.
iterbales: Any iterable Object such as list, string, tuple etc.

Examples

We are going to apply map() on multiple examples. And compare examples with both user defined function and a lambda function.

1. Add 5 to every element of list using (user defined function)

# add 5 to given input elements
def Add(a):
  return a+5
  
# A Sample list
lst = [1,2,3,4]


# Apply Add Function to lst with map()
result = list(map(Add,lst))
print(f" Result: {result}")

Result: [5,7,8,9]

Add 5 to every list elements using lambda function.

# A Sample list
lst = [1,2,3,4]


# Apply Add Function to lst with map()
result = map(lambda a : a+5,lst)
final_result = list(result)
print(f"Result: {result}")

output:
Result: [6,7,8,9]

2. Convert a string numbers into int numbers in lst.

# A Sample strings numbers list
lst = ['1','2','3','4']


# Conversion into int
result = map(int,lst)

# Type cast map object to list
final_result = list(result)

print(f"Int List(After Conversion): {final_result}")

Output:
Int List(After Conversion) : [1, 2, 3, 4]

If we check the datatype of list elements before then after then we get following result.

# Original List (Datatype)
type(lst[0])
<class 'str'>


# Converted List (Datatype)
type(final_result[0])
<class 'int'>

3. Filter

Filter is used to filter out records from an iterable object based on condition evaluated from a function. It function is applicable to every element of an iterable object.

Filter added the element to the final list only if applied function returns True Otherwise that element is excluded.

Syntax

filter(function or None, iterable)

Where
function : any user defined normal function or lambda function. iterable : any iterable Object such as list, tuple, strings etc.

Example: 1

Filter Even numbers from given input list using filter.

# Define a  List
lst = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]


# Filter out odd Numbers
odd_numbers = filter(lambda a:a%2!=0,lst)

# Filter out Even Numbers
even_numbers = filter(lambda a:a%2==0,lst)

print(f" List : {lst}")

# Convert mapped object to list
odd_result = list(odd_numbers)
even_result = list(even_numbers)

print(f"Filtered List(Odd) : {odd_result}")
print(f"Filtered List(Even) : {even_result}")

Output:
List : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Filtered List(Odd) : [1, 3, 5, 7]
Filtered List(even) : [2, 4, 6, 8]

Example: 2

Filter Uppercase letters using filter.

# Define a  string
text = "PyThOn"


# Filter out Capital Letters
uppercase_alpha = filter(lambda a:a.isupper(),text)

# Convert mapped object to list
final_result = list(uppercase_alpha)

print(f"text : {text}")
print(f"Uppercase Letters : {final_result}")

Output:
text : PyThOn
Uppercase Letters : ['P', 'T', 'O']

4. Reduce

Reduce function is not a part of python built-in function you need to import it from functools.It is used to reduce an iterable object to a single value by combining elements via a applied function.

Syntax

from functools import reduce
result = reduce(function, iterable)

# Define a list
lst = [1,2,3,4,5]


# Import reduce from functools
from functools import reduce
result = reduce(lambda a,b :a+b,lst)
print(f"Addition of All Elements in List is : {result}")

Output:
Addition of All Elements in Lst1 is : 15

# without reduce
val = ((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)
print(val)
15