Problem Description: The problem asks us to determine whether two strings, `s1` and `s2`, are equal after applying backspace operations. Backspacing removes the previous character in the string, and we need to compare the final strings formed after backspacing.
Approach and Algorithm
To solve the problem, we can use a stack data structure to simulate the backspacing operation. The algorithm can be summarised as follows:
1. Initialize two empty stacks, `stack1` and `stack2`, to store the characters of `s1` and `s2` after backspacing.
2. Iterate through each character, `ch`, in `s1`:
- If `ch` is not '#', push it onto `stack1`.
- If `ch` is '#', check if `stack1` is not empty. If it is not empty, pop the top element from `stack1` (backspace operation).
3. Iterate through each character, `ch`, in `s2`, and apply the same steps as in step 2 for `stack2`.
4. After iterating through both strings, compare the contents of `stack1` and `stack2`. If they are equal, return 1. Otherwise, return 0.
Pseudocode
Here's the pseudocode for the algorithm:
compareStrings(s1, s2):
stack1 = empty stack
stack2 = empty stack
# Iterate through s1
for ch in s1:
if ch != '#':
push ch onto stack1
else:
if stack1 is not empty:
pop the top element from stack1
# Iterate through s2
for ch in s2:
if ch != '#':
push ch onto stack2
else:
if stack2 is not empty:
pop the top element from stack2
# Compare the stacks
if stack1 is equal to stack2:
return 1
else:
return 0
Implementation in R
compareStrings <- function(s1, s2) {
stack1 <- list()
stack2 <- list()
# Iterate through s1
for (ch in strsplit(s1, "")[[1]]) {
if (ch != "#") {
stack1 <- c(stack1, ch)
} else {
if (length(stack1) > 0) {
stack1 <- stack1[-length(stack1)]
}
}
}
# Iterate through s2
for (ch in strsplit(s2, "")[[1]]) {
if (ch != "#") {
stack2 <- c(stack2, ch)
} else {
if (length(stack2) > 0) {
stack2 <- stack2[-length(stack2)]
}
}
}
# Compare the stacks
if (identical(stack1, stack2)) {
return(1)
} else {
return(0)
}
}
Implementation in Python
def compareStrings(s1, s2):
stack1 = []
stack2 = []
# Iterate through s1
for ch in s1:
if ch != '#':
stack1.append(ch)
else:
if stack1:
stack1.pop()
# Iterate through s2
for ch in s2:
if ch != '#':
stack2.append(ch)
else:
if stack2:
stack2.pop()
# Compare the stacks
if stack1 == stack2:
return 1
else:
return 0
Complexity Analysis
The time complexity of this solution is O(n), where n is the length of the longer string between `s1` and `s2`. This is because we iterate through both strings once. The space complexity is also O(n) since the worst-case scenario is when no backspaces occur, and we need to store all the characters in the stacks.
Testing
You can test the function with the provided sample inputs test cases to validate its correctness.
# Sample test cases
s1 <- "axx#bb#c"
s2 <- "axbd#c#c"
output <- compareStrings(s1, s2)
print(output) # Output: 1
s1 <- "yf#c#"
s2 <- "yy#k#pp##"
output <- compareStrings(s1, s2)
print(output) # Output: 1
s1 <- "hacc#kk#"
s2 <- "hb##ackk##"
output <- compareStrings(s1, s2)
print(output) # Output: 0
The function should produce the expected output for each test case, demonstrating the correctness of the solution.
Conclusion
In this article, we discussed how to solve the "Backspace String Compare" problem using R. By simulating the backspacing operation using stacks, we can compare the final strings formed after applying backspaces. The provided algorithm and implementation offer an efficient solution to the problem.